On March 20, 2022, we are facing the equinox that finally brings us a new season. For those who live in the Northern Hemisphere, it is the official spring, and it’s the first day of autumn for the Southerners. How do the seasons depend on this event and what does equinox actually mean — learn in this article.
How does the equinox cause seasons?
As you probably know, our planet’s axis of rotation is tilted at 23.5 degrees. This means that the Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres receive unequal amounts of sunlight during most of the year. This axial tilt is the reason we have seasons.
However, two times a year — in March and September — the Earth is positioned so that neither of its hemispheres is inclined towards or away from the Sun. At these instants of time, the Sun is directly above the equator, and both hemispheres receive nearly equal amounts of sunlight. This astronomical event is called an equinox. The equinoxes mark the transition from winter to spring and from summer to fall.
What happens during the equinox?
At an equinox, people on the Earth experience an almost equal duration of daylight and nighttime — about twelve hours. Why not exactly twelve hours? Theoretically, when the Earth isn’t inclined relative to the Sun, day and night should be equal in length. However, our planet has an atmosphere that refracts light like a prism. When you’re looking at the setting Sun near the horizon, its actual position is about 1.5 degrees lower than appears to the eye. Atmospheric refraction delays the sunset, which results in more daylight than nighttime on the day of an equinox. At temperate latitudes, this difference equals about eight minutes.
Another interesting phenomenon that occurs at an equinox is the Sun rising due east and setting due west. It’s true for any place on the Earth except for the North and South Poles, where there is no east or west. Here’s why it happens.
No matter where you are, the due east and due west points on your horizon mark the intersection of the celestial equator with the horizon. On the day of an equinox, the Sun is positioned right on the celestial equator. For this reason, the Sun rises due east and sets due west on the day of the equinox all around the globe. So if you want to determine where east and west are in your location, just go outside on the day of an equinox and watch the Sun rise and set.
What are the dates of the equinoxes?
Equinoxes occur twice a year. The March equinox can occur at any time between March 19 and 21; the September equinox can happen between September 21 and 24. Depending on the season, an equinox is called either the spring (or vernal) one or the fall (or autumnal) one. Note that equinoxes — as well as the seasons — are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere.
When is the spring equinox in 2022?
In the Northern Hemisphere, the first day of spring is marked by the March equinox. In 2022, it falls on March 20, at 15:33 GMT (10:33 a.m. EST). In the Southern Hemisphere, spring starts on the September equinox, which occurs on September 23, at 01:04 GMT (September 22, at 8:04 p.m. EST).
When is the fall equinox in 2022?
In the Northern Hemisphere, the first day of fall is marked by the September equinox. In 2022, it occurs on September 23, at 01:04 GMT (September 22, at 8:04 p.m. EST). South of the equator, fall starts on the March equinox, which occurs on March 20, at 15:33 GMT (10:33 a.m. EST).
How do people celebrate the March equinox?
From ancient times, the vernal equinox had a spiritual meaning as it represented the edge between seasons, and it still is an important day for us. Here are some facts about honoring the March equinox:
- The annual date of Easter and the Jewish Passover are tied to the equinox. The holidays are celebrated on the first Sunday after the first Full Moon after the vernal equinox.
- Ancient people knew about equinoxes for centuries. For example, the Pyramid of Kukulcan, built by the Maya between the 8th and 12th centuries A.D., was designed to perfectly align with the movement of the Sun. Every equinox, shadows cast by the Sun created an illusion of a giant snake crawling down the pyramid’s steps. The Maya believed it to be the feathered serpent god Kukulkan.
- Modern pagans and curious tourists gather every year at Stonehenge in England for the first day of spring. The prehistoric monument is said to have had a celestial observatory function that was related to the ancient rituals.
- The March equinox is a national holiday in Japan, called Shunbun No Hi. It’s the day when the Japanese honor their ancestors, stay home with their families and visit the graves of their deceased relatives.
- For the Central Asian communities the March equinox represents the New Year. The holiday called Nowruz (translated as “new day” from Persian) comes from Zoroastrian tradition and can be celebrated for up to 13 days.
- The world-famous Indian celebration Holi is also connected to the March equinox. It takes place right before the edge of the seasons, and unites people into one great colorful party. People dance, sing, and play with colorful powders, and this is a favorite time for tourists to visit India.
You can also celebrate the vernal equinox just by noticing the first signs of spring — singing birds, the Sun getting stronger, warm nights on which you can enjoy the skies above using our stargazing app Star Walk 2.
F.A.Q.
Does spring start on March 1 or on the equinox?
The answer depends on your definition of “spring”. According to the meteorological definition, the first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere is March 1. Astronomically speaking, spring starts on the vernal equinox, which is around March 20. The same is true for fall — meteorological fall in the Northern Hemisphere starts on September 1, while astronomical fall begins on the autumnal equinox, which is around September 23.
Is an equinox the same day everywhere?
In any given year, an equinox happens at the same time all around the globe. However, for people in different time zones, it can happen on different days.
Does an equinox always align with a Full Moon?
These two events are close, but it’s not always a perfect match. This year you’ll see the Full “Worm Moon” two days before the March equinox.
Are day and night equal at the equinox?
They are almost equal, but there’s slightly more daylight than nighttime on the day of an equinox. The reason is the atmospheric refraction of sunlight.
Can you balance an egg during the spring equinox?
The short answer is: yes, but it has nothing to do with the equinox. According to a popular myth, on the spring equinox, you can stand an egg on its end due to some gravitational balance between the Earth and the Sun. In reality, there is no gravitational change happening during an equinox that would help an egg balance. And there’s no need for it: you can try this egg-balancing trick any random day of the year. All you need to succeed is a bit of patience.
5 interesting facts about equinox
- Astronomers in the ancient world chose the vernal equinox as the zero point to measure the movements of stars and it soon came into use. Already in Julius Caesar’s notes we see that he planned his sea forays considering the equinox.
- At the equator, the Sun is directly overhead at noon on the days of equinoxes. If you put a vertical stick in the ground at this moment, it will cast no shadow.
- The Earth isn’t the only planet that has equinoxes — in fact, every planet with an axial tilt experiences them.
- There are four astronomical dates that mark the beginning of a new season. We already know the first two — the September and the March equinoxes. Another two are the June and the December solstices — the moments when we experience the greatest number of hours of daylight (the June solstice) and the fewest hours of daylight (the December solstice).
- The fastest sunsets are always at the equinoxes, no matter if you live in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere. The slowest sunsets and sunrises, on the contrary, happen around the time of the solstice. The reason is that at an equinox the Sun rises due east and sets due west, so it’s the shortest path for it to sink below the horizon.
We hope you’ve learned something new about equinoxes from our article. If you have questions, please feel free to ask them on our social media. If you want to test your astronomical knowledge, take our quiz about equinoxes and solstices!
Text Credit: Vito Technology, Inc.
